{"id":669,"date":"2026-10-29T13:16:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-29T04:16:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/glossary\/what-is-suspension-culture-oyster-farming-facilities-and-the-differences-between-longline-and-raft-methods\/"},"modified":"2026-10-29T13:17:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T04:17:22","slug":"what-is-suspension-culture-oyster-farming-facilities-and-the-differences-between-longline-and-raft-methods","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/glossary\/what-is-suspension-culture-oyster-farming-facilities-and-the-differences-between-longline-and-raft-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Suspension Culture? Oyster Farming Facilities and the Differences Between Longline and Raft Methods"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When you visit an oyster farm, you&#8217;ll see buoys floating in rows on the sea. However, if you look around, you won&#8217;t see any oysters. Suspension culture is a method of raising oysters and other shellfish by attaching them to lines and suspending them in the sea beneath buoys.<\/p>\n<p>We have organized information on the installation structure of suspension lines (the ropes from which oysters are hung), the oyster growth process and environment, and the differences between longline, raft, and bottom culture methods.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsammulsan.com\/theme\/basic\/contents\/consult.php?utm_source=blog&#038;utm_medium=content&#038;utm_campaign=samsam_short_202610&#038;utm_content=s15_top\">Inquire about Tongyeong Oyster Supply Forms<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Suspension Line Installation Structure and Arrangement in Suspension Culture<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>A suspension culture farm consists of a vertical structure extending from buoys on the water&#8217;s surface to suspension lines in the water below. These buoys support long main lines or rafts, from which multiple suspension lines hang into the water. Oysters attach to these suspension lines and grow.<img src=\"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-1.jpg\" width=\"560\" height=\"373\" alt=\"Farm buoys installed in the waters around the island\" class=\"wp-image-623\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-1.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Oyster Growth and Harvesting Process in Suspension Culture<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Oyster farming proceeds in the order of spat collection, grow-out, and harvesting. Spat collection is the stage where oyster larvae attach to cultch materials, and grow-out is the stage where attached juvenile oysters are raised in the water. During the grow-out period, the growth status of the oysters and the farming facilities are monitored, and when harvest season arrives, the suspension lines with oysters attached are pulled up. <\/p>\n<p>Harvested oysters undergo shucking and processing to remove their shells. This process can be reviewed in \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/glossary\/what-is-oyster-shucking-and-how-is-hygiene-managed\/\">What are Oyster Shucking and Processing, and How is Hygiene Managed?<\/a>\u2019, and subsequent processing steps for each product are covered in detail in \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/how-does-the-oyster-processing-flow-differ-by-product-a-guide-to-shucking-boiling-and-freezing-branches\/\">How Do Oyster Processing Procedures Differ by Product?<\/a>\u2019.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Spat Collection and the Role of Suspension Lines in Oyster Farming<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Spat collection materials are where oyster larvae floating in seawater attach, and suspension lines are the ropes used to hang these materials with attached oysters in the water. Juvenile oysters that have settled on the spat collection materials remain connected to the suspension lines and grow in the water until they reach harvestable size.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-2.jpg\" width=\"533\" height=\"400\" alt=\"Farm buoys installed in rows on the sea\" class=\"wp-image-624\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-2.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-2-900x675.jpg 900w, https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sam-oct-25-2-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Differences Based on Suspension Line Spacing and Grow-Out Density in Suspension Culture<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>If oysters are grown too densely, they compete for limited food. Therefore, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/4\/ab706e\/AB706E05.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the spacing of suspension lines and grow-out density<\/a> must be adjusted to suit the marine environment.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-kfas.org\/Upload\/files\/kfas\/9.%20434-444.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marine environmental factors such as water flow and temperature<\/a> also affect oyster growth. Consequently, even with the same suspension culture method, the fatness (degree of plumpness) of oysters varies depending on the marine area and season.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Comparison of Longline and Raft Methods in Suspension Culture<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Suspension culture is divided into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/4\/ab706e\/AB706E05.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">longline and raft methods<\/a> depending on what the suspension lines are attached to. The longline method suspends lines from long ropes supported by buoys, while the raft method suspends lines from rafts floating on the water.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsammulsan.com\/theme\/basic\/contents\/consult.php?utm_source=blog&#038;utm_medium=content&#038;utm_campaign=samsam_short_202610&#038;utm_content=s15_mid\">Inquire about Farming and Processing History Data<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Differences Between Suspension Culture and Bottom Culture<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Bottom culture is a method of raising oysters using the seabed or tidal flats. Among these, the stone-placement method primarily involves placing stones in the intertidal zone for oysters to attach and grow.<\/p>\n<p>The intertidal zone is submerged at high tide and exposed at low tide, so oysters grown by the stone-placement method feed when the seawater comes in. In contrast, suspension-cultured oysters are submerged for longer periods, which means they have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/4\/ab706e\/AB706E05.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">longer feeding times<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Comparison of Facility Structures for Longline, Raft, and Bottom Culture Methods<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-table\" style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Category<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Longline Method<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Raft Method<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Bottom Culture<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Support Structure<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Long lines supported by buoys<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Rafts on the water surface<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Seabed\/Tidal flats utilized<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Growth Location<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>In water below long lines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>In water below rafts<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Seabed\/Intertidal zone<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Material Placement<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Suspension lines connected to ropes<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Suspension lines installed below rafts<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Stones, etc., placed on bottom<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Classification<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>A form of suspension culture<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>A form of suspension culture<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Separate farming method<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong>Frequently Asked Questions About Suspension Culture<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Are other seafoods besides oysters also grown by suspension?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Yes. <a href=\"https:\/\/nifs.go.kr\/board\/actionBoard0018PopupPrevew.do?BBS_ID=20211228033821691RZE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sea squirts (ascidians)<\/a> and other seafoods are also grown by suspending them in the water. The facilities and farming methods vary depending on the type of seafood being cultivated.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Where is suspension culture practiced?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In Korea, it is mainly carried out on the southern coast, with Tongyeong and Geoje being representative areas. However, the farming method alone does not indicate the origin of production, so when purchasing oysters, it is necessary to check the product&#8217;s country of origin label.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Can individual oysters also be grown by suspension culture?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Yes. Individual oysters are those grown separately, one by one. They can be placed in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nifs.go.kr\/board\/actionBoard0018PopupPrevew.do?BBS_ID=20211228033608989HEC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">specialized containers<\/a> and suspended in the water for cultivation.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Are farmed oysters given separate feed?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>No. Oysters grow by filtering plankton and other organisms from seawater, so in general oyster farming, no separate feed is provided.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Can farmed oysters be eaten immediately after washing?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>No. Washing alone does not determine if they are safe to eat raw, so you must first check the product&#8217;s intended use and storage instructions. Oysters for cooking must be heated to an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mfds.go.kr\/webzine\/202502\/sub02.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">internal temperature of 85\u2103 or higher for at least one minute<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samsammulsan.com\/theme\/basic\/contents\/consult.php?utm_source=blog&#038;utm_medium=content&#038;utm_campaign=samsam_short_202610&#038;utm_content=s15_bottom\">Consult About Oyster Supply Conditions<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong>References<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Samsam Magazine, <a href=\"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/how-does-the-oyster-processing-flow-differ-by-product-a-guide-to-shucking-boiling-and-freezing-branches\/\">How Do Oyster Processing Procedures Differ by Product?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Samsam Magazine, <a href=\"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/glossary\/what-is-oyster-shucking-and-how-is-hygiene-managed\/\">What are Oyster Shucking and Processing, and How is Hygiene Managed?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>FAO, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/4\/ab706e\/AB706E05.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Culture of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in the Republic of Korea<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries Science, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-kfas.org\/Upload\/files\/kfas\/9.%20434-444.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Study on Long-term Changes in Fatness and Influencing Factors of Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Cultured by Suspension Method in Tongyeong-Geoje Waters<\/a><\/p>\n<p>National Institute of Fisheries Science, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nifs.go.kr\/board\/actionBoard0018PopupPrevew.do?BBS_ID=20211228033608989HEC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Individual Oyster (Pacific Oyster) Farming Technology<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mfds.go.kr\/webzine\/202502\/sub02.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Safely Eat Oysters in Winter<\/a><\/p>\n<p>National Institute of Fisheries Science, <a href=\"https:\/\/nifs.go.kr\/board\/actionBoard0018PopupPrevew.do?BBS_ID=20211228033821691RZE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sea Flower, Sea Squirt (Ascidian) Farming<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Suspension culture is a method of raising oysters and other shellfish by suspending them in the sea. We have compiled information ranging from the roles of buoys and suspension lines to the spat collection, grow-out, and harvesting processes, as well as the characteristics of longline and raft suspension methods, and their differences from bottom culture.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":670,"template":"","class_list":["post-669","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/669","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/669\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":671,"href":"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/669\/revisions\/671"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazine.samsammulsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}